Learn Islamic Fiqh

Level 3- Purification

Linguistically speaking, purification means cleanliness and being free of dirt. Technically, purity is divided into two types; removing the filth and uplifting the ritual status of impurity. Filth or better known as Najasah in Arabic is a physical substance that must be washed or removed from the body, clothes, and the spot a worshipper is using for prayer.

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Purification
Muslims must be pure before praying or any other act of worship requiring purity. Purification means the removal of any physical discharge from private parts which require washing, water sprinkling or wiping.

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The water used for purification
Any water could be used for purification if it retains its original state as it is created. This water is called “Tahur” and it could be taken from any source; whether it is rain, rivers or coming up from the earth.

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Containers, plates and utensils
It is permissible to all Muslims to use all types of utensils, containers and plate including those made from metal.

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Use of gold and silver articles in purification
Using any kind of utensils or articles including gold or silver for food is prohibited in Islam. Even if they are only plated with it or just contain a small part. All other precious materials are permissible.

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Utensils welded with gold or silver
In Islam people cannot eat in gold utensils even if a small amount was used for welding. It becomes unlawful. On the other hand, God has made it permitted for Muslims to use utensils welded with small amount of silver.

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Unbelievers’ utensils
Muslims are allowed to use unbelievers’ utensils after being cleaned from any impurity. It is also permitted to eat from earlier religions people food. The Prophet himself accepted a Jew invitation to a meal.

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Utensils made of the hide of carrion
One is permitted to use animals hide normally permissible to eat after being purified by tanning. As for animals that are not permissible to eat they could not be used as their hide could not be purified by tanning.

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Using the toilet and its manners
There is an etiquette that must be followed when using the toilet. Islam has described how one should take care of his personal hygiene. Other acts are prohibited like facing or turning one’s back to the qiblah.

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Facing the qiblah when relieving oneself
Facing the qiblah or turning one’s back to it in an open area when reliving oneself is prohibited. However, if the toilet is in a building or there is a screen between the person using it and the qiblah, one may use it.

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When going to the toilet
More than one hadith clarify what should be done when going to the toilet. Entering with the left foot and leaving with the right one is recommended, as well as saying some prayers and other points discussed below.

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What is forbidden when relieving oneself
God has forbidden some acts when one relives himself like urinating or defecating in stagnant water, by roadsides or reading Quran in the toilet. This article clarifies all these acts and the reason behind each.

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What is reprehensible when relieving oneself
Some acts are reprehensible when someone is relieving himself such as talking to anyone or to urinate over a crevice in the ground. It is also reprehensible to urinate facing wind direction if it is in an open area.

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Recommended practices of sound nature
There are five practices also called ‘nature’s fine characteristics’ that each Muslim should perform to keep the best and most complete form. Practices and the reason behind them are explained in the article.

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Ablution, i.e. Wudu’
Wudu means cleanliness and brightness. But in Islam it refers to washing the face, arms, head and feet with clean water. In other words it is called ablution. It is obligatory before prayer or similar worship acts.

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Basis of obligation
Valid ablution is mandatory for any Muslim to pray and there is no other view on this subject. For ablution to be correct one must be sane, have the intention, follow the proper order and wash the obligatory parts.

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What invalidates the ablution
There are some things that make ablution invalid; such as any discharge from private parts and this applies to stool, urine, semen, blood and wind. Also Deep sleep and touching one’s private parts break ablution.

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What does not invalidate ablution
No prayer would be accepted if one’s ablution has been invalidated. But there are some cases and situations that are mistakenly thought to break the ablution like vomiting and other situations mentioned below.

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When ablution is required
Wudu (ablution) is required in some situations; like prayer. As God would not accept a prayer without ablution. Other cases like tawaf (going around the Kabah) and holding Quran without cover also require wudu.

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When ablution is recommended
There are eight duties a Muslim must obey to in prayers, like the glorification. And if they are deliberately omitted, the prayer is invalid. If it is forgotten, it is compensated for by two prostrations at the end.

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Wiping over the khuff
Kuff is what is worn over the feet. It includes socks and could be made of various materials. God has permitted his servants to wipe over it during ablution if they cover the feet up to the ankles as a form of easiness.

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Conditions for wiping over the khuffs
Instead of removing your socks or khuffs during each ablution, one can wipe over it. But there are some conditions and rules to be followed so the wiping is valid. This article discusses these conditions in details.

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How to wipe
Wiping over the kuffs is permitted instead of removing it during ablution. The Prophet (PBUH) used to wipe over the top of his khuffs, and if one wipes over the back or the bottom of his khuffs; wiping is invalid.

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Conditions making wiping over the khuffs invalid
Wiping over khuff during ablution is a form of Islam easiness when it is hard to remove it or its likes. But some conditions make it invalid like; time limit and feet exposure. More cases are clarified in this article.

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Ghusl, or taking a bath
Ghusl in Islam is to pour pure water over one’s body in a special way with the intention of worshipping Allah. And it is obligatory in some cases like semen discharge, converting to Islam, after menstruation.

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Recommended ghusl
Ghusl is recommended and a must in many cases as a refresher and a way to be purer. These cases include; before Friday prayer, Eid prayer, entering the state of consecration and after washing a deceased person.

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Performing ghusl – How it is done
Women ghusl procedure starts by pouring water on her hair for three times making sure that the water reaches the skin of her head then she continues washing the rest of her body.

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Dry ablution
Dry ablution “Tayamum” is performing ablution using dust when water is not available. In this case, pure dust is passed lightly over one’s face and hands. It is a legitimate concession granted for Muslims.

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Conditions allowing dry ablution
There are certain conditions in which dry ablution is allowed and valid for Muslims. To perform dry ablution successfully one must form the intention first and make sure the rest of the conditions are available.

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How it is done
To perform dry ablution one must first have the right intention and say “in the name of God” then strike the ground with his both hands, blow the dust off them and wipe his face and hands up to the wrist, only one time.

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Conditions rendering dry ablution invalid
There are some conditions that render dry ablution invalid such as the presence of water or anything that invalidates ablution. It also becomes invalid if the reason for it no longer exists such as illness.

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Impurities and how to remove them
Impurities refer to all foul materials. It should be removed by washing it off. In case of dogs impurities it should be washed 7 times one of them with dust. Other rules apply on different sources of impurities.

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Menses: definition and rulings
Menses or Hayd is the natural blood discharge from women uterus through her vagina. It could start at the age of 9 and stops by the age of 50. It usually lasts for 6 to 7 days and it requires a bath at the end “ghusl”.

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Things forbidden during menstruation
Women in menstruation are forbidden from having penetrative sexual intercourse, prayers, fasting, holding Qur'an, performing Tawaf, reciting Qur'an, staying in a mosque, and getting divorced.

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Postnatal bleeding
Postnatal discharge usually lasts for 4o days and women are not allowed to pray or fast during this duration. It doesn’t have a minimum duration but if she is clean before 40 days she can take a bath and offer prayers.

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